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Inside the proton, the ‘most complicated thing you could possibly imagine’

www.quantamagazine.org Essays & writing Essays & articles Mathematics & science Candidate
Screenshot of www.quantamagazine.org captured 2026-07-20
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Resurfaced independently across 3 calendar years, with breakout response in 2 of them.

submissions
3
submitters
3
observed span
2022–2025
peak thread · 567 comments
612 pts
latest 20+ return · 2024-02-14
612 pts

Submission timeline

2007–2026

One slot for every year since HN launched. Height is that year's peak points; orange marks a 100+ point or 50+ comment breakout. Select a bar to open its strongest thread.

First comments on top threads

HN comment order

I just had a really stupid thought, after finishing reading the article. So, the electron is an elementary particle, right? Compared to the proton, the electron is "simple", yes? Despite this difference in complexity, an electron has a charge of -e and a proton has a charge of +e. They are exactly complementary regarding charge (if I am understanding right, I am not a smart person). my question is... why? why must protons and electrons be perfectly complementary regarding charge?…

This should be required reading for this article: https://profmattstrassler.com/2022/09/09/protons-and-charm-q... Virtual particles do not necessarily have an invariant mass. That's why you can find examples of typically huge particles inside protons. That's why a beta decay of a neutron can involve the production of a virtual W- boson that has an invariant mass that's 86 times more massive than the neutron.

The first top-level comment from each of the four biggest threads, in HN’s own order. Excerpts are shortened; open a comment for full context.

Breakout years
2

100+ points or 50+ comments

Total points
1163

reference only — not used in Hall rules or ranking

Total comments
776

reference only — not used in Hall rules or ranking

Every submission

DateTitle as submittedByPointsComments
2022-10-19Inside the ProtonFirst breakoutshantanu_sharma550209
2024-02-14Inside the proton, the ‘most complicated thing you could possibly imagine’Best thread · Latest 20+ point returnMetallicCloud612567
2025-12-27The Proton, the 'Most Complicated Thing You Could Possibly Imagine'tzury10