Abū Rayhān Bīrūnī -- Medieval Islamic Scientist, quite a read...
Abu Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni, known as al-Biruni (c. 973 – c. 1050) was a Khwarazmian Iranic scholar and polymath during the Islamic Golden Age. He has been called variously "Father of Comparative Religion", "Father of modern geodesy", Founder of Indology and the…